Region centroids are used by the MapInfo Pro. within and contains spatial operators, in automatic labeling, geocoding, and placement of thematic pie and bar charts. The appearance of maps can be improved by a suitable placement of the centroid. The following definition is influenced by MapInfo's use of the term centroid.

"Centroid" Type	Definition	Comment	Example	Application	Test
Geometric Centroid	The Centre of Mass or First Moment of Area	A basic property of a polygon but can fall outside the boundary. Faster to calculate than the Visual Centroid.		External centroids cant be used by MapInfo Pro, however many shapes will produce a better result than the shifted centroid. eg, Geometric: Shifted:	None (recompute)
(Shifted) MBR Centroid	Geometric Centroid of region MBR  shifted in the X direction until it intersects the region. Better described as shifted centroid.	MapInfo method to quickly compute a valid internal point.			CentroidY(convertoregion(convertopline(object)))  = CentroidY(object)
Visual Centroid	Centre of the largest circle that will fit within the region.	Single (or multiple) points fitting the definition always exist regardless of polygon shape.			None (recompute)
Second Visual Centroid  --> 'nth VC'	Centre of the largest circle that will fit within the region and not intersect the visual centroid circle.	May not find a useful point. For automated methods, the validity of the point should be tested by the circle radius compared to the visual centroid radius.			None (recompute)

In spatialSQL, the visual centroid location is accurate to about 0.5% of the largest dimension of the polygon MBR. For performance reasons, the second visual centroid is created in spatialSQL during the calculation of the visual centroid rather than using the definition above. This provides a good approximation to this location but the centre and radius have not been determined using the same methods as the VC and is less accurate. The approximation selects the furthest definable centroid from the VC, rather than the next largest. The geometric centroid test is not definitive but is useful as a quick test to see if the VC needs to be recalculated. Other area properties: The second moment of area and the principal axes possibly have a function in determining a primary orientation of arbitrary shaped regions for angled labels.